Clothing, computers and shoes will be tax-free for 10 days, through Aug. 9. All styles at Little Feet Shoes in Wesley Chapel are tax-exempt for Florida's back-to-school tax holiday, which runs ...Sales tax holiday period is July 24–August 6, 2023. To qualify for the tax exemption, the purchase must be made during the sales tax holiday period by an individual for personal use with a total price of $1500 or less. Computers (including iPad) and computer accessories qualify for this tax exemption.On July 3, 2023, in News Releases, by Staff. TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — Today, Governor Ron DeSantis highlighted the Freedom Summer Sales Tax Holiday, which began on Memorial Day and will run through Labor Day weekend. The sales tax holiday was part of the Framework for Freedom Budget and is estimated to save Florida families nearly $230 million ...$1,500 or less, are exempt from sales tax. The holiday period begins on Monday, July 25, 2022, and ends on Sunday, August 7, 2022. Additional information on exemptions from tax during the holiday period is provided in Tax Information Publication (TIP) No. 22A01-08.Tax Information Publication - 2022 Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday, Page 1 Tax Information Publication TIP #22A01-08 Date Issued: 05/06/22 2022 Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday – July 25, 2022 Through August 7, 2022 This sales tax holiday begins on Monday, July 25, 2022, and ends on Sunday, August 7, 2022. See full list on nbcmiami.com 2022 Tax Free Days: February 25-27, July 15-17. Alabama has been hosting tax free weekends since 2006. The first of two annual tax holidays falls in February and is referred to as a "severe weather preparedness" event. But the state's second tax free weekend of the year happens annually over three days, beginning on the third Friday in July.May 6, 2022 · · A one-month Fuel Tax Holiday from October 1, through October 31, 2022, saving Floridians $200 million by lowering the price of gas by 25.3 cents per gallon. · A 3-month sales tax holiday for children’s books from May 14 through August 14, 2022, providing $3.3 million in tax relief. Updated: May 21, 2021 / 12:24 PM EDT. TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (WFLA) – You’ve seen tax-free shopping for back-to-school supplies and disaster-prep gear for hurricane season, but now a third tax free ...Aug 5, 2023 · View the full list of items on the Florida Department of Revenue website. Iowa. Dates: Aug. 4-5, 2023. Tax-free items. ... A sales tax holiday, also called a tax-free weekend or week, refers to a ... Aug 14, 2023 · What’s Tax Free: Summer 2023 holds two tax-free weekends for Tennessee: Back-to-School (July 29-31): Clothing and school supplies that cost $100 or less per item; and computers that are $1,500 or less. Groceries (Aug. 1-Oct. 31): For three months, Tennessee residents pay no sales tax on food and food ingredients. May 30, 2023 · Floridians are saving money this hurricane season as House Bill 7063 comes into effect. The recently signed bill implements tax-free holidays for disaster-planning items, encouraging people to buy qualifying items. Through June 9 — and again from Aug. 26 through Sept. 8 — certain household necessities will be exempt from sales tax. Tax Information Publication - 2022 Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday, Page 1 Tax Information Publication TIP #22A01-08 Date Issued: 05/06/22 2022 Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday – July 25, 2022 Through August 7, 2022 This sales tax holiday begins on Monday, July 25, 2022, and ends on Sunday, August 7, 2022.The “Back-to-School” Tax Holiday is from July 31st to August 9th. Over these 10 days, Floridians will pay no sales tax for certain clothing of $60 or less per item, school supplies of $15 or ...Florida Dept. of Revenue - Home. Consumers can purchase qualifying tools and equipment exempt from tax during the 2023 Tool Time Sales Tax Holiday. Passed by the Florida Legislature and signed into law by Gov. Ron DeSantis, the sales tax holiday begins Saturday, September 2 and extends through Friday, September 8. Back-to-School Tax-Free Weekend: This tax-free weekend for back-to-school supplies runs for 14 days, from July 24 to August 6. During this period, certain school supplies, clothing, and electronics are exempt from sales tax. 2. Freedom Summer Sales Tax Holiday: This tax-free weekend runs from May 29 to September 4, 2023.July 24 – Aug. 6: Back to School Sales Tax Holiday. For 2023, Florida’s tax-free weekend for back-to-school prep runs from July 24 through to Aug. 6. But in 2024, there will be another Back to School Sales Tax Holiday running from Jan. 1 to Jan. 14 – a perfect opportunity to restock on essentials for the second half of the school year. May 31, 2022 · FL Dept of Revenue. Floridians can now save on supplies useful in a hurricane starting. May 28 marked the first day of the 2022 Disaster Preparedness Sales Tax Holiday, which will run for a full two weeks until June 10. Today, Governor Ron DeSantis and the Florida Division of Emergency Management (FDEM) urged Floridians to start purchasing ... Aug 1, 2021 · US NEWS. Florida tax-free weekend 2021: dates, duration, affected items and price limits Parents will be given discounts on clothing, classroom supplies and even computer equipment to help them ... Florida Dept. of Revenue - Home. . Consumers can purchase qualifying disaster preparedness supplies exempt from tax during the 2023 Disaster Preparedness Sales Tax Holiday. Passed by the Florida Legislature and signed into law by Gov. Ron DeSantis, the sales tax holiday begins Saturday, May 27 and extends through Friday, June 9. A second ... Wrapped around the Fourth of July for the second consecutive year, a sales-tax “holiday” dubbed “Freedom Week” will provide tax breaks on a wide range of recreational activities and outdoor gear. Lawmakers included freedom week in an annual tax package (HB 7071) that also offers other tax holidays and sales-tax exemptions.Apr 27, 2021 · The following month there will be a tax-free week to buy school supplies. It includes clothing, shoes and backpacks up to $60. Computers costing up to $1,000 will also be tax-free Aug. 6-12 May 3, 2021 · Updated: May 21, 2021 / 12:24 PM EDT. TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (WFLA) – You’ve seen tax-free shopping for back-to-school supplies and disaster-prep gear for hurricane season, but now a third tax free ... May 3, 2021 · Updated: May 21, 2021 / 12:24 PM EDT. TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (WFLA) – You’ve seen tax-free shopping for back-to-school supplies and disaster-prep gear for hurricane season, but now a third tax free ... Passed by the Florida Legislature and signed into law by Gov. Ron DeSantis, the sales tax holiday begins Saturday, July 1, 2023, and extends through Sunday, June 30, 2024. The Department of Revenue created this webpage to provide information and promotional materials for consumers, businesses, and other interested parties.All FL tax holidays 2023–2024: Florida: 2 years: hurricane hardened doors & windows: 2022: Jul 1–June 30, 2024: View website All FL tax holidays 2023–2024: Florida: 14: disaster preparedness various items – $20-$1,000: 2022: May 27-June 9, and Aug. 26–Sept. 8: All FL tax holidays 2023–2024: Floriday: 1 year: Gas Ranges and Cooktops ...1. Start by visiting the official website of the Florida Department of Revenue. 2. Look for a section or page that provides information on sales tax holidays or tax-free weekends. 3. Once you find the relevant information, click on the link or section that details the items included in the tax-free weekend. 4.Jul 24, 2023 · How long is tax-free in Florida? The Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday ends Sunday, August 6. Is there another tax-free week? A second Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday will start... $1,500 or less, are exempt from sales tax. The holiday period begins on Monday, July 25, 2022, and ends on Sunday, August 7, 2022. Additional information on exemptions from tax during the holiday period is provided in Tax Information Publication (TIP) No. 22A01-08.Florida’s 2022 ‘Tool Time’ Sales Tax Holiday begins on Saturday, September 3, 2022, and ends on Friday, September 9, 2022. During this sales tax holiday period, tax is not due on the retail sale of eligible items related to tools commonly used by skilled trade workers. The sales tax holiday does not apply to: • Rentals of any eligible itemsShoppers in 11 states can pick up clothes and school supplies tax-free this weekend. Back-to-school sales tax holidays kick off Friday in eight states – Iowa, Missouri, New Mexico, Ohio ...May 27, 2022 · For the first time, Floridians can purchase essential evacuation supplies for their furry friends tax-free during the state’s 2022 Disaster Preparedness Sales Tax Holiday, which kicks off ... TAMPA, Fla. — Florida's annual hurricane sales tax holiday is coming back this year to help you save money on supplies. It will run from May 28 through June 6. The 10-day period is officially ...Aug 25, 2023 · Florida’s second tax-free hurricane supply “holiday” starts Saturday, Aug. 26, and runs until Sept. 8. It’s part of Gov. Ron DeSantis’ historic tax relief plan he signed in May, dubbed... Fla. Dept. of Revenue, 2023 and 2024 Florida Back-to-School Sales Tax Holidays FAQs Page 3 Please note: The 2023 Florida Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday overlaps with the 2023 Florida Freedom Summer Sales Tax Exemption Period (taking place Monday, May 29, 2023, throughThe 10-day period is expected to save shoppers $69.4 million in state and local taxes. The holiday runs from July 31 to Aug. 9 and allows people to avoid paying sales tax on clothes costing $60 or ...Florida's back to school tax free holiday is giving families some financial relief. Posted at 6:41 PM, Jul 25, 2022 . and last updated 2022-07-25 18:41:17-04.How long is tax-free in Florida? The Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday ends Sunday, August 6. Is there another tax-free week? A second Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday will start...July 24 – Aug. 6: Back to School Sales Tax Holiday. For 2023, Florida’s tax-free weekend for back-to-school prep runs from July 24 through to Aug. 6. But in 2024, there will be another Back to School Sales Tax Holiday running from Jan. 1 to Jan. 14 – a perfect opportunity to restock on essentials for the second half of the school year.Florida’s Sales Tax Holiday kicks off today. By Lucia Viti July 01, 2022 at 7:45 am EDT. ... Certain appliances bearing the ENERGY STAR® logo will be tax-free for a year beginning July 1, 2022.Tax Information Publication - 2022 Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday, Page 1 Tax Information Publication TIP #22A01-08 Date Issued: 05/06/22 2022 Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday – July 25, 2022 Through August 7, 2022 This sales tax holiday begins on Monday, July 25, 2022, and ends on Sunday, August 7, 2022.TAX HOLIDAYS 2023-2024 . The 2023 Florida Legislature passed, and Governor DeSantis signed into law, six sales tax holidays. The Home Hardening sales tax exemption from the 2022 legislative session, continues through fiscal year 2023 -24. The calendar below details the dates for each exemption period. For more information, visitJul 13, 2022 · Florida’s main tax free holiday traditionally occurs during the second week of August. This period used to only be 2 days long, hence why it is known as a tax free weekend. However, the length of this holiday has now been extended so that it covers two weeks. This has meant that the scheme now lasts from the end of July until the start of August. Back-to-School Tax-Free Weekend: This tax-free weekend for back-to-school supplies runs for 14 days, from July 24 to August 6. During this period, certain school supplies, clothing, and electronics are exempt from sales tax. 2. Freedom Summer Sales Tax Holiday: This tax-free weekend runs from May 29 to September 4, 2023.May 6, 2022 · · A one-month Fuel Tax Holiday from October 1, through October 31, 2022, saving Floridians $200 million by lowering the price of gas by 25.3 cents per gallon. · A 3-month sales tax holiday for children’s books from May 14 through August 14, 2022, providing $3.3 million in tax relief. During the 2021 Florida Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday, certain clothing, footwear, and accessories selling for $60 or less per item, certain school supplies selling for $15 or less per item, and the first $1,000 of the sales price of personal computers and related accessories purchased Aug 2, 2019 · Tax free weekend runs from Aug. 2-6. Florida's sales tax holiday kicks off Friday. ORLANDO, Fla. – Back-to-school season is quickly approaching, which means Florida’s Sales Tax Holiday weekend ... During the 2021 Florida Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday, certain clothing, footwear, and accessories selling for $60 or less per item, certain school supplies selling for $15 or less per item, and the first $1,000 of the sales price of personal computers and related accessories purchased Florida's back to school tax free holiday is giving families some financial relief. Posted at 6:41 PM, Jul 25, 2022 . and last updated 2022-07-25 18:41:17-04.The week will allow those living in Florida or visiting the state to buy concert tickets, sporting event passes, museum and movie tickets tax-free from July 1 through July 7. Tickets for events as ...$1,500 or less, are exempt from sales tax. The holiday period begins on Monday, July 25, 2022, and ends on Sunday, August 7, 2022. Additional information on exemptions from tax during the holiday period is provided in Tax Information Publication (TIP) No. 22A01-08.Back-to-school tax-free weekend 2019: The shopping holiday is longer and includes technology. ... Florida's sales tax holiday begins at 12:01 a.m. Aug. 2 and runs through 11:59 p.m. Aug. 6.Here is Florida's tax-free holiday schedule for 2023/2024: Home Hardening Sales Tax Holiday: July 1, 2022 – June 30, 2024. Freedom Summer Sales Tax Holiday: May 29 – Sept. 4. Energy Star Appliances Sales Tax Holiday: July 1, 2023 – June 30, 2024. Gas Ranges and Cooktops Sales Tax Holiday: July 1, 2023 – June 30, 2024.Florida Dept. of Revenue - Home. Consumers can purchase qualifying tools and equipment exempt from tax during the 2023 Tool Time Sales Tax Holiday. Passed by the Florida Legislature and signed into law by Gov. Ron DeSantis, the sales tax holiday begins Saturday, September 2 and extends through Friday, September 8.Tax Information Publication - 2022 Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday, Page 1 Tax Information Publication TIP #22A01-08 Date Issued: 05/06/22 2022 Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday – July 25, 2022 Through August 7, 2022 This sales tax holiday begins on Monday, July 25, 2022, and ends on Sunday, August 7, 2022. Florida Dept. of Revenue - Home. Consumers can purchase qualifying tools and equipment exempt from tax during the 2023 Tool Time Sales Tax Holiday. Passed by the Florida Legislature and signed into law by Gov. Ron DeSantis, the sales tax holiday begins Saturday, September 2 and extends through Friday, September 8. the payment period. Qualifying items placed on layaway during the sales tax holiday are tax-exempt, even if final payment of the layaway is made after the tax holiday. If a customer makes a final payment and takes delivery of the items during the tax holiday, the qualifying items are tax-exempt. 9. $1,500 or less, are exempt from sales tax. The holiday period begins on Monday, July 25, 2022, and ends on Sunday, August 7, 2022. Additional information on exemptions from tax during the holiday period is provided in Tax Information Publication (TIP) No. 22A01-08.MIAMI – For the first time, Floridians can purchase essential evacuation supplies for their furry friends tax-free during the state’s 2022 Disaster Preparedness Sales Tax Holiday, which kicks ...The 2023 tax holiday begins on Monday, July 24 and ends on Sunday, Aug. 6. There will be a second back-to-school tax-free holiday in 2024, about halfway through the upcoming school year. It’ll ...Jul 28, 2021 · The 10-day period is expected to save shoppers $69.4 million in state and local taxes. The holiday runs from July 31 to Aug. 9 and allows people to avoid paying sales tax on clothes costing $60 or ... Jul 31, 2019 · This year the break from sales taxes is longer, and unlike last year, technology is included. Florida's sales tax holiday begins at 12:01 a.m. Aug. 2 and runs through 11:59 p.m. Aug. 6. You have ... The 2023 Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday begins on Monday, July 24, 2023, and ends on Sunday, August 6, 2023. There will be a second Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday beginning Monday, January 1, 2024, and ending on Sunday, January 14, 2024. During the sales tax holiday period, tax is not due on the retail sale of: Here is Florida's tax-free holiday schedule for 2023/2024: Home Hardening Sales Tax Holiday: July 1, 2022 – June 30, 2024. Freedom Summer Sales Tax Holiday: May 29 – Sept. 4. Energy Star Appliances Sales Tax Holiday: July 1, 2023 – June 30, 2024. Gas Ranges and Cooktops Sales Tax Holiday: July 1, 2023 – June 30, 2024.The Freedom Summer holiday will end Sept. 4. Examples of the Freedom Summer tax-free items include children’s athletic equipment that costs $100 or less, kayaks that cost $500 or less and...Apr 27, 2021 · The following month there will be a tax-free week to buy school supplies. It includes clothing, shoes and backpacks up to $60. Computers costing up to $1,000 will also be tax-free Aug. 6-12 July 24 – Aug. 6: Back to School Sales Tax Holiday. For 2023, Florida’s tax-free weekend for back-to-school prep runs from July 24 through to Aug. 6. But in 2024, there will be another Back to School Sales Tax Holiday running from Jan. 1 to Jan. 14 – a perfect opportunity to restock on essentials for the second half of the school year.The sales tax holiday runs from July 1 - July 7. What you can buy tax-free during Florida Freedom Week. JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – Just in time for the summer, starting July 1, you can save money on ...The 10-day period is expected to save shoppers $69.4 million in state and local taxes. The holiday runs from July 31 to Aug. 9 and allows people to avoid paying sales tax on clothes costing $60 or ...Aug 6, 2021 · Oklahoma tax free weekend. Dates: Aug. 6-8 What’s tax-free: Clothing and footwear, less than $100. Full list: oklahoma.gov South Carolina tax free holiday. Dates: Aug. 6-8 What’s tax-free ... The sales tax holiday runs from July 1 - July 7. What you can buy tax-free during Florida Freedom Week. JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – Just in time for the summer, starting July 1, you can save money on ...Clothing, computers and shoes will be tax-free for 10 days, through Aug. 9. All styles at Little Feet Shoes in Wesley Chapel are tax-exempt for Florida's back-to-school tax holiday, which runs ...Florida's 2023 Disaster Preparedness Sales Tax Holiday starts Saturday, Aug. 26, and runs through Friday, Sept. 8. During this time, Floridians can purchase everything from generators and...Jul 28, 2021 · The 10-day period is expected to save shoppers $69.4 million in state and local taxes. The holiday runs from July 31 to Aug. 9 and allows people to avoid paying sales tax on clothes costing $60 or ... Other Florida Tax Relief . The Florida tax relief bill also includes a reduction in business rental tax. The rental tax will be reduced from 5.5% to 4.5% and will become effective on December 30 ...From May 14 to Aug. 14, there is a tax-free holiday on children's books. This is defined by the state as a book aimed for children ages 12 and under. From Jul. 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023, there is a ...Florida's back to school tax free holiday is giving families some financial relief. Posted at 6:41 PM, Jul 25, 2022 . and last updated 2022-07-25 18:41:17-04.See full list on nbcmiami.com Florida Dept. of Revenue - Home. Consumers can purchase qualifying tools and equipment exempt from tax during the 2023 Tool Time Sales Tax Holiday. Passed by the Florida Legislature and signed into law by Gov. Ron DeSantis, the sales tax holiday begins Saturday, September 2 and extends through Friday, September 8. Florida. Monday, July 24, 2023 through Sunday, August 6, 2023 ... What do I need to do to take advantage of tax free weekend at Dell? Dell does all the hard stuff! If ...2023 Sales Tax Holidays by State. State. Dates. Eligible merchandise / Maximum cost per Item. Alabama. Feb. 24-26. Hurricane-preparedness generators / $1,000 Weather-preparedness supplies / $60 ...Florida's back to school tax free holiday is giving families some financial relief. Posted at 6:41 PM, Jul 25, 2022 . and last updated 2022-07-25 18:41:17-04.
View the full list of items on the Florida Department of Revenue website. Iowa. Dates: Aug. 4-5, 2023. Tax-free items. ... A sales tax holiday, also called a tax-free weekend or week, refers to a .... Pandora
Wrapped around the Fourth of July for the second consecutive year, a sales-tax “holiday” dubbed “Freedom Week” will provide tax breaks on a wide range of recreational activities and outdoor gear. Lawmakers included freedom week in an annual tax package (HB 7071) that also offers other tax holidays and sales-tax exemptions.On July 3, 2023, in News Releases, by Staff. TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — Today, Governor Ron DeSantis highlighted the Freedom Summer Sales Tax Holiday, which began on Memorial Day and will run through Labor Day weekend. The sales tax holiday was part of the Framework for Freedom Budget and is estimated to save Florida families nearly $230 million ...Tax Information Publication - 2022 Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday, Page 1 Tax Information Publication TIP #22A01-08 Date Issued: 05/06/22 2022 Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday – July 25, 2022 Through August 7, 2022 This sales tax holiday begins on Monday, July 25, 2022, and ends on Sunday, August 7, 2022.Aug 24, 2023 · Here are the 2023 Florida sales tax holidays according to the Florida Department of Revenue: Disaster Preparedness Sales Tax Holiday: May 27 – June 9 and August 26 – September 8, 2023. Freedom Summer Sales Tax Holiday: May 29 – September 4, 2023. Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday: July 24 – August 6, 2023 and January 1 – 14, 2024. Jul 25, 2022 · READ: Osceola County to host free back-to-school vaccine events for students this week. Florida’s tax-free holiday runs through Aug. 7. It applies to: Certain school supplies under $50. Clothing and footwear less than $100. Personal computers up to $1500. For more details on Florida’s back-to-school tax-free holiday, you can visit the ... The tax-free holiday begins Monday and provides Floridians tax breaks on a slew of items including clothes, computers and school supplies. The last day to take advantage of the savings is August 7.Published August 30, 2022 at 9:24 AM EDT. Sergey. /. stock.adobe.com. The name of Florida's next sales tax holiday comes from the 1990's sitcom “Home Improvement.”. Florida’s first “tool time” sales-tax holiday on tools and other home-repair and construction items will kick off during the Labor Day weekend. The seven-day holiday ...Fla. Dept. of Revenue, 2023 Florida Disaster Preparedness Sales Tax Holiday FAQs Page 3 4. If I buy a package or set of items that contains both taxable and tax-exempt items during 2023Aug 25, 2023 · Florida’s second tax-free hurricane supply “holiday” starts Saturday, Aug. 26, and runs until Sept. 8. It’s part of Gov. Ron DeSantis’ historic tax relief plan he signed in May, dubbed... The Freedom Summer holiday will end Sept. 4. Examples of the Freedom Summer tax-free items include children’s athletic equipment that costs $100 or less, kayaks that cost $500 or less and...MIAMI – For the first time, Floridians can purchase essential evacuation supplies for their furry friends tax-free during the state’s 2022 Disaster Preparedness Sales Tax Holiday, which kicks ...Jul 24, 2023 · How long is tax-free in Florida? The Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday ends Sunday, August 6. Is there another tax-free week? A second Back-to-School Sales Tax Holiday will start... Jul 19, 2023 · The 2023 tax holiday begins on Monday, July 24 and ends on Sunday, Aug. 6. There will be a second back-to-school tax-free holiday in 2024, about halfway through the upcoming school year. It’ll ... Aug 5, 2023 · View the full list of items on the Florida Department of Revenue website. Iowa. Dates: Aug. 4-5, 2023. Tax-free items. ... A sales tax holiday, also called a tax-free weekend or week, refers to a ... The tax-free holiday includes: Any clothes, shoes, or accessories that are $60 or less. All school supplies $15 or less. Computers up to the first $1,000. ... Florida sales tax holiday guide 2021:The tax-free holiday includes: Any clothes, shoes, or accessories that are $60 or less. All school supplies $15 or less. Computers up to the first $1,000. ... Florida sales tax holiday guide 2021:Jul 25, 2022 · READ: Osceola County to host free back-to-school vaccine events for students this week. Florida’s tax-free holiday runs through Aug. 7. It applies to: Certain school supplies under $50. Clothing and footwear less than $100. Personal computers up to $1500. For more details on Florida’s back-to-school tax-free holiday, you can visit the ... 2023 Sales Tax Holidays by State. State. Dates. Eligible merchandise / Maximum cost per Item. Alabama. Feb. 24-26. Hurricane-preparedness generators / $1,000 Weather-preparedness supplies / $60 ...TAMPA, Fla. — Florida's annual hurricane sales tax holiday is coming back this year to help you save money on supplies. It will run from May 28 through June 6. The 10-day period is officially ...Florida’s second tax-free hurricane supply “holiday” starts Saturday, Aug. 26, and runs until Sept. 8. It’s part of Gov. Ron DeSantis’ historic tax relief plan he signed in May, dubbed ....